The names Muḥammad ‘Aydrūs Qā’im al-Dīn ibn Badr al-Dīn al-Buṭūnī, Sultan Muḥammad ʿAydarūs, Sultan Muhammad Idrus Kaimuddin, La Ode Muhammad Idrus Qaimuddin, and La Ode Muhammad Idrus Kaimuddin refer to the same person, the King of Buton, a small island off the coast of Southeast Sulawesi, who ruled from 1824-1851. He will be referred to below as Sultan ‘Aydrūs. The Islamic Kingdom of Buton was a well-known in Nusantara because it adhered to the “Martabat Tujuh (The Seven Dignities)” in the ethical system and state law in force in the kingdom. Adhering to the Martabat Tujuh means the implementation of […]